labarai

Gabatarwa

Kafaffen kayan aiki don cire hakora marasa kyau ana amfani dasu a cikin orthodontics ga matasa da manya. Ko a yau, tsaftar magana mai wahala da haɗe -haɗe yana haɓaka tarin allo da ragowar abinci yayin farfaɗo da na'urori masu yawa (MBA) suna wakiltar ƙarin haɗarin caries.1. Haɓaka haɓakawa, haifar da farar fata, canje -canje masu ƙima a cikin enamel an san su da raunin tabo (WSL), yayin jiyya tare da MBA sakamako ne na yau da kullun da ba a so kuma yana iya faruwa bayan makonni 4 kawai.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an ƙara mai da hankali ga yin hatimin saman buccal da amfani da keɓaɓɓun filastik da varnishes na fluoride. Ana tsammanin waɗannan samfuran za su ba da rigakafin caries na dogon lokaci da ƙarin kariya daga matsalolin waje. Kamfanoni daban -daban sun yi alkawarin kariya tsakanin watanni 6 zuwa 12 bayan aikace -aikacen guda ɗaya. A cikin wallafe -wallafen yanzu ana iya samun sakamako daban -daban da shawarwari dangane da tasirin rigakafin da fa'ida don aikace -aikacen irin waɗannan samfuran. Bugu da kari, akwai maganganu daban -daban dangane da juriyarsu ga danniya. An haɗa samfura guda biyar da ake amfani da su akai -akai: ƙwararrun masu haɗaɗɗun sealants Pro Seal, Bond Light (duka Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, Illinois, USA) da Clinpro XT Varnish (3 M Espe AG Dental Products, Seefeld, Jamus). Har ila yau, an bincika su ne masu kare fluoride guda biyu masu kare Fluor (Ivoclar Vivadent GmbH, Ellwangen, Jamus) da Protecto CaF2 Nano Mataki-Mataki Daya (BonaDent GmbH, Frankfurt/Main, Jamus). An yi amfani da kwarara mai warkarwa, mai warkar da haske, kayan aikin nanohybrid radiopaque azaman ƙungiyar kulawa mai kyau (Tetric EvoFlow, Ivoclar Vivadent, Ellwangen, Jamus).

An bincika waɗannan masu amfani da filastik guda biyar da aka yi amfani da su a cikin in vitro don juriyarsu bayan fuskantar matsin lamba na injin, nauyin zafin jiki da fallasa sinadaran da ke haifar da lalatawa da sakamakon haka WSL.

Za a gwada hasashe masu zuwa:

1. Hasashe na gaba ɗaya: Matsalolin inji, zafi da sinadarai ba sa shafar abubuwan binciken da aka bincika.

2.Haƙƙarfan Harshe: Injinan, zafin zafi da sunadarai suna shafar sealants ɗin da aka bincika.

Abu da hanya

An yi amfani da hakoran bovine 192 a cikin wannan binciken in vitro. An ciro hakoran bovine daga dabbobin yanka (mayanka, Alzey, Jamus). Ka'idodin zaɓin haƙoran bovine sun kasance caries- kuma suna da lahani, enamel na vestibular ba tare da canza launin farfajiyar haƙora da isasshen girman kambin haƙoran ba.4. Adanawa yana cikin maganin chloramine B na 0.5%5, 6. Kafin da bayan aikace-aikacen sashi, an kuma tsabtace shimfidar shimfidar vestibular na duk haƙoran bovine tare da man goge-goge ba tare da mai-fluoride ba (Zircate Prophy Paste, Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Jamus), an wanke shi da ruwa kuma ya bushe da iska5. An yi amfani da raƙuman ƙarfe da aka yi da baƙin ƙarfe na nickel don binciken (Mini-Sprint Brackets, Forestadent, Pforzheim, Jamus). Duk sigogi sun yi amfani da UnitekEtching Gel, Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive Primer da Transbond XT Light Cure Orthodontic Adhesive (duk 3 M Unitek GmbH, Seefeld, Jamus). Bayan aikace -aikacen sashi, an sake tsabtace sasannin vestibular mai santsi tare da Zircate Prophy Paste don cire duk wani abin da ke mannewa.5. Don daidaita yanayin asibiti mai kyau yayin tsaftacewa na inji, an yi amfani da yanki mai tsayi na 2 cm (Forestalloy blue, Forestadent, Pforzheim, Jamus) zuwa sashi tare da haɗin haɗin waya (0.25 mm, Forestadent, Pforzheim, Jamus).

An bincika jimillar sealants guda biyar a cikin wannan binciken. Lokacin zaɓar kayan, an yi nuni ga binciken da ake yi yanzu. A Jamus, an tambayi likitocin haƙora 985 game da suturar da aka yi amfani da su a cikin al'adun gargajiyar su. An zaɓi biyar da aka ambata mafi yawa daga cikin kayan goma sha ɗaya. Anyi amfani da duk kayan sosai gwargwadon umarnin masana'anta. Tetric EvoFlow yayi aiki azaman ƙungiyar kulawa mai kyau.

Dangane da tsarin lokaci na haɓaka kai don daidaita matsakaicin nauyin injin, duk masu sharar an sanya su a cikin injin injin kuma daga baya an gwada su. An yi amfani da buroshin haƙora na lantarki, Oral-B Professional Care 1000 (Procter & Gamble GmbH, Schwalbach am Taunus, Jamus), a cikin wannan binciken don daidaita nauyin injin. Binciken matsa lamba na gani yana haskakawa lokacin da matsa lamba na lamba (2 N) ya wuce. Oral-B Precision Clean EB 20 (Procter & Gamble GmbH, Schwalbach am Taunus, Jamus) an yi amfani da su azaman kawunan haƙora. An sabunta kan goga don kowane rukunin gwaji (watau sau 6). Yayin binciken, ana amfani da man goge baki ɗaya (Elmex, GABA GmbH, Lörrach, Jamus) don rage tasirin sa akan sakamakon.7. A cikin gwaji na farko, an auna matsakaicin adadin man goge baki da goge baki ta amfani da microbalance (ma'aunin nazarin Pioneer, OHAUS, Nänikon, Switzerland) (385 MG). An goge kan goga tare da ruwa mai narkewa, an jiƙa shi tare da matsakaicin man goge baki na 385 MG kuma an sanya shi a sarari akan farfajiyar haƙoran vestibular. An yi amfani da kayan aikin injin tare da matsin lamba na yau da kullun da motsi gaba da baya na goga kai. An duba lokacin fallasawa zuwa na biyu. Haƙƙin haƙoran lantarki koyaushe jagora ne mai jagora a cikin duk jerin gwaji. An yi amfani da ikon matsin lamba na gani don tabbatar da cewa matsin lamba na lamba (2 N) bai wuce ba. Bayan mintuna 30 na amfani, an cika caji na haƙora don tabbatar da daidaituwa da cikakken aiki. Bayan gogewa, an tsaftace haƙoran na tsawon sati 20 tare da fesa ruwa mai laushi sannan a bushe da iska8.

Tsarin lokaci da aka yi amfani da shi ya dogara ne akan zato cewa matsakaicin lokacin tsaftacewa shine 2 min9, 10. Wannan yayi daidai da lokacin tsaftacewa na 30 s kowace kwata. Ga matsakaicin hakoran hakora, ana ɗaukar cikakken haƙori na hakora 28, watau hakora 7 a kowane huɗu. Ga kowane haƙori akwai shimfidar haƙora 3 masu dacewa don buroshin haƙora: buccal, occlusal da baka. Yakamata a tsabtace farfajiya ta kusa da ta kusa da ta goge haƙoran haƙora ko makamancin haka amma galibi ba a samun su ga buroshin haƙora saboda haka ana iya yin sakaci da su anan. Tare da lokacin tsabtace kowane kwata na 30 s, ana iya ɗaukar matsakaicin lokacin tsaftacewa na 4.29 s kowane hakori. Wannan yayi daidai da lokacin 1.43 s kowane farfajiyar haƙori. A taƙaice, ana iya ɗauka cewa matsakaicin lokacin tsabtace farfajiyar haƙori ta kowane hanyar tsaftacewa kusan. 1.5 s. Idan mutum yayi la'akari da farfajiyar haƙoran vestibular da aka yi amfani da shi tare da sealant mai santsi, ana iya ɗaukar nauyin tsabtace yau da kullun na 3 s a matsakaici don sau biyu haƙoran haƙora. Wannan zai yi daidai da sati 21 a sati, 84 a kowane wata, 504 s kowane wata shida kuma ana iya ci gaba kamar yadda ake so. A cikin wannan binciken an share fallasa tsabtacewa bayan kwana 1, sati 1, makonni 6, watanni 3 da watanni 6.

Don daidaita bambance -bambancen zafin jiki da ke faruwa a cikin rami na baki da abubuwan da ke da alaƙa, an ƙera tsufa na wucin gadi tare da mai hawan zafi. A cikin wannan binciken ana ɗaukar nauyin hawan keke mai zafi (Circulator DC10, Thermo Haake, Karlsruhe, Jamus) tsakanin 5 ° C zuwa 55 ° C a da'irar 5000 da nutsewa da lokacin faɗuwa na 30 s kowannensu an yi su ta yin kwaikwayon fallasawa da tsufa na masu sintiri. na rabin shekara11. Wanka na zafi ya cika da ruwa mai narkewa. Bayan sun kai zafin jiki na farko, duk samfuran haƙoran sun zube sau 5000 tsakanin tafkin sanyi da tafkin zafi. Lokacin yin baftisma ya kasance 30 s kowannensu, sannan digo na 30 da lokacin canja wuri.

Don daidaita ayyukan hare -haren acid na yau da kullun da aiwatar da ma'adanai a kan sealants a cikin rami na baki, an aiwatar da bayyanar canjin pH. Abubuwan da aka zaɓa sune Buskes12, 13bayani da aka bayyana sau da yawa a cikin adabi. Darajar pH na maganin rage girmanta shine 5 kuma na maganin sakewa shine 7. Abubuwan da aka gyara na hanyoyin daidaitawa sune calcium dichloride-2-hydrate (CaCl2-2H2O), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), HE-PES (1 M ), potassium hydroxide (1 M) da aqua destillata. Abubuwan da aka gyara na maganin kashe-kashe sune calcium dichloride -2-hydrate (CaCl2-2H2O), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), methylenediphosphoric acid (MHDP), potassium hydroxide (10 M) da aqua destillata. An gudanar da hawan keke na pH na kwanaki 75, 14. Dukkanin ƙungiyoyi an ba su 22-h sakewa da 2-h demineralization a kowace rana (juyawa daga 11 h-1 h-11 h-1 h), dangane da ƙa'idodin keken pH da aka riga aka yi amfani da su a cikin adabi.15, 16. Manyan manyan kwanonin gilashi guda biyu (20 × 20 × 8 cm, 1500 ml3, Simax, Bohemia Cristal, Selb, Jamus) tare da murfi an zaɓi su azaman kwantena inda aka adana duk samfura tare. An cire murfin kawai lokacin da aka canza samfuran zuwa ɗayan tire. An adana samfuran a zafin jiki na ɗaki (20 ° C ± 1 ° C) a ƙimar pH mai ɗorewa a cikin kwanon gilashi5, 8, 17. Ana duba ƙimar pH na maganin kowace rana tare da ma'aunin pH (3510 pH Meter, Jenway, Bibby Scientific Ltd, Essex, UK). Kowace rana ta biyu, ana sabunta cikakkiyar mafita, wanda ya hana yiwuwar raguwar darajar pH. Lokacin canza samfura daga tasa ɗaya zuwa ɗayan, an tsabtace samfuran da kyau tare da ruwa mai tsafta sannan a bushe tare da jirgin sama don gujewa haɗewar mafita. Bayan hawan keke na pH na kwanaki 7, an adana samfuran a cikin hydrophorus kuma an kimanta su kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin madubin microscope. Don bincike na gani a cikin wannan binciken dijital microscope VHX-1000 tare da kyamarar VHX-1100, motsi mai motsi S50 tare da VHZ-100 optics, software na aunawa VHX-H3M da babban ƙuduri mai inci 17-inch LCD (Keyence GmbH, Neu- Isenburg, Jamus) an yi amfani da su. Filayen gwaji guda biyu tare da filayen mutum 16 kowannensu ana iya ayyana shi don kowane haƙori, da zarar an haɗa su da kuma amfani da ginshiƙin sashi. Sakamakon haka, jimlar filayen 32 ga kowane hakori da filayen 320 a kowane abu an bayyana su a cikin jerin gwaji. Don mafi kyawun magance mahimmancin mahimmancin asibiti na yau da kullun da kusanci ga ƙimar gani na sealants tare da ido tsirara, an duba kowane filin a ƙarƙashin na'urar microscope na dijital tare da girman 1000,, an kimanta shi da ido kuma an sanya shi ga canjin jarrabawa. Canje -canjen jarrabawar sun kasance 0: abu = filin da aka bincika an rufe shi da kayan rufewa, 1: m sealant = filin da aka bincika yana nuna cikakken asarar kayan aiki ko raguwa mai yawa a lokaci ɗaya, inda farfajiyar haƙora ta bayyana, amma tare da ragowar murfin sealant, 2: Asarar abu = filin da aka bincika yana nuna cikakken asarar kayan, farfajiyar haƙorin ya buɗe ko *: ba za a iya kimantawa ba = filin da aka bincika ba za a iya wakilta da isasshen isa ba ko kuma ba a cika yin amfani da alamar ba, to wannan filin kasa don jerin gwajin.